Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.Ītoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.ĭensity is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs.

The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs.

The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.Įlements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.Ī horizontal row in the periodic table. Temperatures in England on Monday and Tuesday are expected to surpass this figure, however.A vertical column in the periodic table. The current highest temperature in the UK is 38.7C and was recorded in Cambridge in 2019. These include dehydration, overheating, or heat exhaustion and heatstroke.Įxtreme heat can also place a strain on water and energy utilities, road and rail transport and the health and fire services. Other hacks include applying wet, cold towels to the head and shoulders, putting feet in a cold bowl of water, keeping curtains and blinds closed, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and drinking plenty of water.Īccording to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), about 1,600 people died in the UK because of heatwaves in 2021 and about 2,500 in 2020.įor some people – especially older people, young children and those with underlying health conditions, as well as those who cannot adapt their behaviour to keep cool or who are exposed to high levels of heat because of where they live or work – the summer heat can bring real health risks. A fan is a good way to keep cool in the heat (Getty Images/iStockphoto)

Real tin foil